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| Motivation | | There is a growing evidence that companies committed to research and development reap rewards in future sales growth and stock market value | |
| Research and development |
 Proving to be an engine for growth
Ten years ago, when the Department of Trade and Industry set up the R&D Scoreboard, the main motivation was to highlight the underspending by many British companies on research and development | |
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| Scoreboard |
 Drugs and IT lead the big spenders
The international scoreboard, which lists the top 300 spenders on R&D, shows a slight slackening of the relentless pace at which the corporate world has been pouring funds into research and development | |
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| Europe | Contrasts of big economies
Among the larger European countries, Germany shows the most impressive, long-term commitment to raising corporate R&D spending | |
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| United Kingdom | Pharmaceuticals dominate
A decade is a long time in corporate R&D. In 1990 Britain's top three spenders on R&D were ICI, Shell and Unilever, with Glaxo, SmithKline Beecham and GEC following closely behind | |
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